Other relics of Khasa, again agreeing with north-western India, are the tendency to shorten long vowels, the practice of epenthesis, or the modification of a vowel by the one which follows in the next syllable, and the frequent occurrence of disaspiration. Thus, in the singular we have: - Here we have a relic of the old Khasa language, which, as has been said, seems to have been related to Kashmiri. But in Pahari and Kashmiri it must be derived from the rare Sanskrit particle * rcchitas, gone, for in these languages it is a participial tense and does change according to the gender of the subject. In Rajasthani its present tense, being derived from the Sanskrit present rcchami, I go, does not change for gender. In Kumauni the verb substantive is formed from the root ach, as in both Rajasthani and Kashmiri. The peculiarities of grammar in Kumaoni and other Central Pahari languages exist due to the influence of the now extinct language of the Khasas, the first inhabitants of the region. It shares much of its grammar with the other language of the Central Pahari group like Garhwali. Grammar īeing part of the Indo-Aryan dialect continuum Kumauni shares its grammar with other Indo-Aryan languages, Hindi, Rajasthani languages, Kashmiri and Gujarati.
Kumaoni was official language of Kumaon Kingdom. Various Kumaoni text founded from the katyuri and chand era on temple stones and as copper plate inscriptions. Kumaoni written on an old copper inscription from 989CE. Some Kumaoni speakers are also reportedly found in Western Nepal. Pachhai of Pali-Pachhhau ( Ranikhet, Dwarahat).Gangoli of Ganai-Gangoli ( Kanda, Berinag, Gangolihat).Danpuriya of Danpur ( Bageshwar, Kapkot).Johari of the Malla and Talla Johar ( Milam, Munsiyari).Western Kumaoni is spoken west of Almora and Nainital. South-eastern Kumaoni is spoken in South-eastern Nainital.
North-eastern Kumaoni is spoken in Pithoragarh. Broadly speaking, Kali (or Central) Kumaoni is spoken in Almora and northern Nainital. There is not single accepted method of dividing up the dialects of Kumaoni. There are several dialects spoken in the Kumaon region.
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